Home Compounds GLP-1 & Metabolic AOD9604
GLP-1 & Metabolic Research Preliminary

AOD9604

Fragment of HGH (amino acids 176-191) studied specifically for lipolytic activity without the growth-promoting effects of full HGH.

hgh fragmentlipolysisfat lossbody composition
Half-life
2–3 hours
SKUs
1
Evidence
Preliminary

AOD9604 is a synthetic fragment of human growth hormone, specifically the last 15 amino acids of HGH (residues 176-191). Researchers have studied it for its potential to affect fat metabolism without producing the full effects of growth hormone. It went through human clinical trials for obesity but did not achieve the endpoints needed for approval.

Fat Metabolism Research
AOD9604 was developed based on findings that a specific region of the HGH molecule drives fat breakdown (lipolysis) without the growth-promoting or blood sugar effects of the full hormone. Animal studies showed dose-dependent fat reduction. Human trials were conducted.
Obesity Clinical Trials
Phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials in overweight and obese humans were completed. While early phase 2 data showed some signals, the larger phase 3 trial did not meet its primary endpoints for weight loss, leading the developing company to discontinue the weight loss program.
Cartilage and Joint Research
After the weight program was halted, researchers explored AOD9604 for cartilage repair and osteoarthritis applications. Some preclinical work suggested it might support cartilage regeneration, and it received GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status in the US for certain food uses.
  • Stimulates lipolysis in animal models without the insulin-disrupting effects of full HGH.
  • Phase 3 human obesity trial did not meet primary weight loss endpoints.
  • Some preclinical signals for cartilage and joint tissue support, though clinical evidence is limited.
  • GRAS status granted in the US for use as a food ingredient at low concentrations.

The most important context for AOD9604 is that it went through full human clinical trials for obesity and did not meet its primary endpoints. The development program was discontinued for that indication. While it remains studied for other applications, the human trial failure is significant context. Animal lipolysis data did not translate into meaningful weight loss in the human trial.

Human growth hormone does several things at once — it promotes tissue growth, affects blood sugar, and also stimulates the breakdown of fat. Researchers identified that the lipolytic effect appears to come primarily from a specific region of the HGH molecule. AOD9604 is a synthetic copy of that specific fragment, designed to activate the fat-breakdown pathway through what is believed to be a beta-3 adrenergic receptor interaction, while avoiding the growth and blood sugar effects of the full HGH molecule. The idea was to get the metabolic benefit without the risks of full HGH. In practice, the human trials did not demonstrate the weight loss effect that was hoped for.

AOD9604 was tested in human clinical trials and was generally well-tolerated. It received GRAS designation in the US for food use, reflecting a favorable safety assessment at certain concentrations. It is not approved as a medication for any indication. The phase 3 trial failure means it lacks an established clinical use case for weight management.

Preliminary

Most evidence comes from preclinical studies and case reports. Human data is limited and more research is needed.

Published Research Ranges
250–500mcg daily in research studies
Research Context Only: These are ranges reported in published scientific studies for educational reference. They are not dosing recommendations. This is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Sources listed here are from the platform research library. All links open the original publication. No citations are generated by AI.

AOD9604: Safety and Pharmacokinetics of an Anti-Obesity Drug in Obese Males
International Journal of Obesity • 2001  • DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801625
View Source
Effects of HGH Fragment (AOD9604) on Adipogenesis and Lipolysis
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology • 1996  • DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(96)03962-6
View Source
Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors (rAAV)-Vector Elements in Ocular Gene Therapy Clinical Trials and Transgene Expression and Bioactivity Assays
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124197
View Source
Rimonabant for overweight or obesity
 • 2006  • DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006162.pub2
View Source
Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen: Role in Biopsy for Precision Medicine
 • 2024  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00244
View Source
Strategies for overcoming protein and peptide instability in biodegradable drug delivery systems
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114904
View Source
The Interaction between Flavonoids and Intestinal Microbes: A Review
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.3390/foods12020320
View Source
Tight Junction Protein Signaling and Cancer Biology
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.3390/cells12020243
View Source
Natural Killer Cell Engagers (NKCEs): a new frontier in cancer immunotherapy
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207276
View Source
A Review of Protein- and Peptide-Based Chemical Conjugates: Past, Present, and Future
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020600
View Source
Computational approaches for the design of modulators targeting protein-protein interactions
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2171396
View Source
Instability Challenges and Stabilization Strategies of Pharmaceutical Proteins
 • 2022  • DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112533
View Source
Alternative Excipients for Protein Stabilization in Protein Therapeutics: Overcoming the Limitations of Polysorbates
 • 2022  • DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122575
View Source
Cyclodextrins: Only Pharmaceutical Excipients or Full-Fledged Drug Candidates?
 • 2022  • DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122559
View Source
Mice with gene alterations in the GH and IGF family
 • 2022  • DOI: 10.1007/s11102-021-01191-y
View Source
The Interactions between Polyphenols and Microorganisms, Especially Gut Microbiota
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020188
View Source
Recent Progress on Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels for Controlled Delivery of Therapeutic Biomolecules
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01784
View Source
Adipose-derived stromal cells for nonhealing wounds: Emerging opportunities and challenges
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.1002/med.21789
View Source
50 Years of structural immunology
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100745
View Source
Recent trends in protein and peptide-based biomaterials for advanced drug delivery
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.008
View Source
Growth Hormone(s), Testosterone, Insulin-Like Growth Factors, and Cortisol: Roles and Integration for Cellular Development and Growth With Exercise
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00033
View Source
Chemoenzymatic Semisynthesis of Proteins
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00450
View Source
Pulmonary Delivery of Biological Drugs
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111025
View Source
Lipoprotein(a) the Insurgent: A New Insight into the Structure, Function, Metabolism, Pathogenicity, and Medications Affecting Lipoprotein(a) Molecule
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.1155/2020/3491764
View Source
Membrane receptor activation mechanisms and transmembrane peptide tools to elucidate them
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.009457
View Source
Injectables and Depots to Prolong Drug Action of Proteins and Peptides
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100999
View Source
Polymer-drug conjugate therapeutics: advances, insights and prospects
 • 2019  • DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0005-0
View Source
Prion and Prion-Like Protein Strains: Deciphering the Molecular Basis of Heterogeneity in Neurodegeneration
 • 2019  • DOI: 10.3390/v11030261
View Source
Broadening the scope of sortagging
 • 2019  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06705h
View Source
Physiology and Pathophysiology of Marathon Running: A narrative Review
 • 2025  • DOI: 10.1186/s40798-025-00810-3
View Source
Engineered Proteins and Chemical Tools to Probe the Cell Surface Proteome
 • 2025  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00554
View Source
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling in Toxicology
 • 2024  • DOI: 10.3390/toxics13010025
View Source
Plumping up a Cushion of Human Biowaste in Regenerative Medicine: Novel Insights into a State-of-the-Art Reserve Arsenal
 • 2022  • DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10383-3
View Source
Immunoaffinity Capillary Electrophoresis in the Era of Proteoforms, Liquid Biopsy and Preventive Medicine: A Potential Impact in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Disease Progression
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.3390/biom11101443
View Source
Master Regulator Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) in Metabolic Homeostasis and Cancer
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00556
View Source
Haematopoietic stem cell activity and interactions with the niche
 • 2019  • DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0103-9
View Source
Metal-dependent hormone function: the emerging interdisciplinary field of metalloendocrinology
 • 2019  • DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00221e
View Source
A comprehensive overview on osteoporosis and its risk factors
 • 2018  • DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s138000
View Source
Chemoresistance and the Self-Maintaining Tumor Microenvironment
 • 2018  • DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120471
View Source
The Molecular Basis of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Activation
 • 2018  • DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-033910
View Source
Insulin action and resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes
 • 2017  • DOI: 10.1038/nm.4350
View Source
Getting Drugs Across Biological Barriers
 • 2017  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606596
View Source
Amyloid beta: structure, biology and structure-based therapeutic development
 • 2017  • DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.28
View Source
Obesity-Induced Changes in Adipose Tissue Microenvironment and Their Impact on Cardiovascular Disease
 • 2016  • DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306885
View Source
The Halogen Bond
 • 2016  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00484
View Source
Taxonomy, Physiology, and Natural Products of Actinobacteria
 • 2016  • DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00019-15
View Source
Properties of Resveratrol: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies about Metabolism, Bioavailability, and Biological Effects in Animal Models and Humans
 • 2015  • DOI: 10.1155/2015/837042
View Source
Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling in development and human diseases
 • 2014  • DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.07.005
View Source
Advances in targeting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases
 • 2014  • DOI: 10.1038/nrd4228
View Source
REV-ERB and ROR nuclear receptors as drug targets
 • 2014  • DOI: 10.1038/nrd4100
View Source
A new era in brown adipose tissue biology: molecular control of brown fat development and energy homeostasis
 • 2014  • DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170252
View Source
Copper active sites in biology
 • 2014  • DOI: 10.1021/cr400327t
View Source
Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: underlying causes and modification by exercise training
 • 2013  • DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110062
View Source
Glutathione synthesis
 • 2013  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.09.008
View Source
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide natural products: overview and recommendations for a universal nomenclature
 • 2013  • DOI: 10.1039/c2np20085f
View Source
Mammary gland development
 • 2012  • DOI: 10.1002/wdev.35
View Source
The role of adiponectin in cancer: a review of current evidence
 • 2012  • DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1015
View Source
Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family orchestrates cholesterol homeostasis
 • 2012
View Source
Targeted polymeric therapeutic nanoparticles: design, development and clinical translation
 • 2012  • DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15344k
View Source

59 sources · Platform research library · Not generated by AI

5AD

Combination use is not endorsed - provided for research context only.

Want More Detailed Research?

Ask the AI anything about AOD9604 - mechanisms, trial summaries, pharmacokinetics, and comparisons.

Ask AI About AOD9604
Research Education Only: This profile is for educational purposes only. All information is sourced from published scientific literature. This is not medical advice. Not for human consumption. Consult qualified medical professionals for any health decisions.