Half-life
~30 minutes to hours depending on route
Evidence Level
Moderate Evidence
Mechanism of Action
Activates over 4,000 genes related to tissue remodeling. Promotes collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Modulates MMP/TIMP balance for ECM regulation.
Published Research Ranges & Study Context
Studies have administered: 0.05–5mg/kg in animal studies; topical and subcutaneous in human research
Important Research Framing
These are ranges reported in published scientific studies. They are provided for educational context only and do not constitute dosing recommendations. Individual study parameters vary by design, population, and research objectives. This information is not medical advice.
Primary Research Findings
Human studies show wound healing acceleration, skin collagen density improvement, hair follicle stimulation. Anti-inflammatory properties demonstrated in multiple models.
Moderate Evidence
Phase 1/2 human trials available
Side Effects Observed in Research
Generally well-tolerated; copper accumulation theoretically possible at very high doses (not documented in research)
Available Configurations (SKU Reference)
CU50
CU100
Compounds Studied in Combination
These compounds have been examined together in research literature. Combination use is not endorsed or recommended — this information is provided for research context only.
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Research Education Only: This compound profile is for educational purposes only. All information is sourced from published scientific literature. This is not medical advice. Not for human consumption. Consult qualified medical professionals for any health decisions. Regulatory status varies by jurisdiction.