Peptide antagonist of zonulin (haptoglobin-2 precursor) signaling. Competes with zonulin at tight junction receptor sites, preventing tight junction opening. Preserves intestinal barrier integrity under gluten or toxin challenge. Reduces systemic immune activation from gut permeability.
Studies have administered: 0.5–2mg three times daily oral in celiac phase 2/3 trials
Phase 2b (Fasano group): 1mg TID significantly reduced gluten-induced symptoms vs placebo. Phase 3 primary endpoint missed but patient-reported outcomes improved. Leaky gut research applications broad and ongoing.
Well-tolerated in all trials; GI events similar to placebo; minimal systemic absorption limits systemic AEs
These compounds have been examined together in research literature. Combination use is not endorsed or recommended — this information is provided for research context only.
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