Scientific Glossary

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Lyophilization (freeze-drying) involves freezing a compound solution and then reducing surrounding pressure to allow the frozen water to sublimate directly from solid to gas. This preserves compound integrity while creating a dry, stable powder. Lyophilized peptides are significantly more stable than aqueous solutions, allowing room temperature shipping and extended shelf life. Upon reconstitution, the compound returns to its biologically active form.

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Lyophilization sublimes water directly from ice to vapor under low pressure and temperature. The result is a porous, dry "cake" or powder that retains the compound's structure and bioactivity. Most research peptides are lyophilized for stability — they can be stored as powder at refrigerator or freezer temperatures for extended periods (months to years). Reconstitution is required before use by adding an appropriate aqueous vehicle (bacteriostatic water, sterile water). Lyophilized peptides are sensitive to moisture, heat, and UV light.