Home Compounds Body Composition ACE-031 (Ramatercept)
Body Composition Research Preliminary

ACE-031 (Ramatercept)

Soluble activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) fusion protein — potent myostatin pathway inhibitor. Studied for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and muscle wasting. Dramatically increases lean mass in human trials before safety pause.

myostatinActRIIBmusclelean massDuchenneactivinbody composition
Half-life
14 days; monthly dosing in trials
SKUs
1
Evidence
Preliminary

ACE-031 is a research compound that was developed to block a signaling pathway called ActRIIB, which normally limits muscle growth. It was studied primarily in the context of muscle-wasting diseases. Human trials were conducted but were halted early due to side effects, and development has not advanced further.

Muscle Wasting Disease Research
ACE-031 was studied in conditions like Duchenne muscular dystrophy and other diseases where muscle wasting is progressive. Phase 2 trials in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were initiated, examining whether blocking the myostatin pathway could preserve muscle.
Muscle Mass and Strength
In the adult healthy volunteer phase 1 trial, ACE-031 produced measurable increases in lean body mass over a short treatment period. Researchers were examining its potential to counter muscle loss in aging and chronic disease.
Bone Density
Because the ActRIIB pathway also influences bone metabolism, researchers observed effects on bone density markers in some trial participants, suggesting cross-tissue activity beyond just muscle.
  • Increases in lean body mass observed in a phase 1 trial in healthy adults.
  • Phase 2 trials in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients were halted due to side effects including nosebleeds and vascular-related events.
  • Changes in bone density markers observed, indicating effects beyond muscle tissue.
  • Development was discontinued before trials could demonstrate meaningful clinical outcomes.

ACE-031 trials were stopped due to safety signals — specifically, bleeding events and changes to blood vessel-related markers in participants. Development has not continued, and there is no approved use or established safe dose for this compound. The halted trial history is an important piece of context for anyone researching this compound.

Muscle growth is partly regulated by a group of proteins that act as natural brakes on how big muscles can get. Myostatin is the most well-known of these, and it signals through a receptor called ActRIIB. ACE-031 was designed as a decoy receptor — a soluble version of ActRIIB that soaks up these brake signals before they reach muscle cells. In theory, this frees muscle cells to grow more than they normally would. The problem is that the same pathway regulates other tissues too, including blood vessels, which contributed to the side effects seen in trials.

Clinical trials of ACE-031 were halted due to adverse events including epistaxis (nosebleeds) and signs of vascular-related activity in participants. The safety concerns that ended development are an essential part of this compound's research history. It is not approved for any use and is not being actively developed as of the most recent published data.

Preliminary

Most evidence comes from preclinical studies and case reports. Human data is limited and more research is needed.

Published Research Ranges
1–3mg/kg monthly SC in phase 2 studies; dramatic lean mass gains at low doses
Research Context Only: These are ranges reported in published scientific studies for educational reference. They are not dosing recommendations. This is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Sources listed here are from the platform research library. All links open the original publication. No citations are generated by AI.

ACE-031 (ACVR2B-Fc) Increases Muscle Mass in Healthy Men: Phase 2 Results
Muscle & Nerve • 2013  • DOI: 10.1002/mus.23694
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Myostatin and Activin Receptor Antagonism for Muscle Wasting: Review
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery • 2015  • DOI: 10.1038/nrd4681
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Bimagrumab vs. Myostatin Inhibition: ACVR2B Approach in Sarcopenia
Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology • 2021  • DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30364-8
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Myostatin inhibitor ACE-031 treatment of ambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
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Treatment of sporadic inclusion body myositis with bimagrumab
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Therapeutic applications and challenges in myostatin inhibition for enhanced skeletal muscle mass and functions
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Bioanalytical methods in doping controls: a review
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Sarcopenia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: mechanisms, diagnosis, and management strategies
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Role of Myostatin in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review of the Clinical Impact
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Cancer cachexia: molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies
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Inhibition of myostatin and related signaling pathways for the treatment of muscle atrophy in motor neuron diseases
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Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines
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European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) Expert Consensus Statement on the state of genetic testing for cardiac diseases
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Exercise Therapy for People With Sarcopenic Obesity: Myokines and Adipokines as Effective Actors
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Advances in research on pharmacotherapy of sarcopenia
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12168
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Antimyostatin Treatment in Health and Disease: The Story of Great Expectations and Limited Success
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.3390/cells10030533
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Emerging Treatment Options for Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.3390/life11030250
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Myostatin and Follistatin-New Kids on the Block in the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in IBD and Possible Therapeutic Implications
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Targeting the myostatin signaling pathway to treat muscle loss and metabolic dysfunction
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.1172/jci148372
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Understanding the common mechanisms of heart and skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00288-6
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Myostatin Inhibitors: Panacea or Predicament for Musculoskeletal Disorders?
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2020.27.3.151
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Inflammation and Skeletal Muscle Wasting During Cachexia
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.597675
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Cancer cachexia and its pathophysiology: links with sarcopenia, anorexia and asthenia
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12528
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Signaling Pathways That Control Muscle Mass
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134759
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Myostatin as a Biomarker of Muscle Wasting and other Pathologies-State of the Art and Knowledge Gaps
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.3390/nu12082401
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Role of Myokines in Regulating Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function
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Pharmacological Interventions for Treatment of Sarcopenia: Current Status of Drug Development for Sarcopenia
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mTOR as a Key Regulator in Maintaining Skeletal Muscle Mass
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Clinical relevance of sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease
 • 2017  • DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000318
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Transcriptional and epigenetic control of brown and beige adipose cell fate and function
 • 2016  • DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.62
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Muscle and cardiac therapeutic strategies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: past, present, and future
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Cachexia: A systemic consequence of progressive, unresolved disease
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.028
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Myostatin: A Skeletal Muscle Chalone
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-012422-112116
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Current Nutritional and Pharmacological Approaches for Attenuating Sarcopenia
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.3390/cells12192422
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Myostatin: a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1181913
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The elusive role of myostatin signaling for muscle regeneration and maintenance of muscle and bone homeostasis
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2023.03.008
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Polyphenols and Their Effects on Muscle Atrophy and Muscle Health
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164887
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Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168520
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Targeting the Activin Receptor Signaling to Counteract the Multi-Systemic Complications of Cancer and Its Treatments
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.3390/cells10030516
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Myostatin/Activin-A Signaling in the Vessel Wall and Vascular Calcification
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.3390/cells10082070
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Bone and Muscle Crosstalk in Aging
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.585644
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Bone-Muscle Mutual Interactions
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Anti-Inflammatory and General Glucocorticoid Physiology in Skeletal Muscles Affected by Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Exploration of Steroid-Sparing Agents
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Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitors Cross-Talk in Skeletal Muscle: The Social Network
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Use it or lose it to age: A review of bone and muscle communication
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Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β in Skeletal Muscle Fibrosis: A Review
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Muscle Wasting Diseases: Novel Targets and Treatments
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Treating pediatric neuromuscular disorders: The future is now
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Genetic modifiers of Duchenne and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophies
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Dystrophin Cardiomyopathies: Clinical Management, Molecular Pathogenesis and Evolution towards Precision Medicine
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Transforming Growth Factor β Superfamily Signaling in Development of Colorectal Cancer
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Muscle-Bone Crosstalk: Emerging Opportunities for Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Treat Musculoskeletal Pathologies
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Sarcopenia
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The Role of Skeletal Muscle in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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Effects of myokines on bone
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Skeletal muscle wasting and renewal: a pivotal role of myokine IL-6
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Cardiac cachexia: hic et nunc
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Recent advances in innovative therapeutic approaches for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: from discovery to clinical trials
 • 2016
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Sarcopenia in daily practice: assessment and management
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60 sources · Platform research library · Not generated by AI

ACE031

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Research Education Only: This profile is for educational purposes only. All information is sourced from published scientific literature. This is not medical advice. Not for human consumption. Consult qualified medical professionals for any health decisions.