Home Compounds Cognitive & Mood Noopept (GVS-111)
Cognitive & Mood Research Preliminary

Noopept (GVS-111)

Proline-containing dipeptide nootropic studied for cognitive enhancement, neuroprotection, and anxiety reduction. Developed in Russia. Rapidly crosses BBB; active at nanogram doses. Different mechanism from racetam class.

nootropiccognitiveAMPANGFBDNFneuroprotectionRussiaGVS-111
Half-life
Very short plasma half-life (~5 minutes); CNS activity much longer due to cycloprolylglycine conversion
SKUs
1
Evidence
Preliminary

Noopept is a synthetic dipeptide developed in Russia that is structurally related to the racetam family of nootropic compounds. It has been studied for cognitive enhancement, neuroprotection, and Alzheimer's disease research, primarily through Russian institutions. It is considered a potent compound relative to similar molecules — small doses are thought to be effective — and it appears to cross the blood-brain barrier readily.

Cognitive Enhancement Research
Russian studies have examined Noopept in patients with mild cognitive impairment and post-stroke cognitive decline. Some randomized trials reported improvements in cognitive function scores, memory, and attention. However, most studies are from Russian institutions and have not been replicated in large Western trials.
Neuroprotective Research
Cell culture and animal studies show Noopept has neuroprotective properties, including protection against amyloid toxicity relevant to Alzheimer's disease research and protection against oxidative stress in neural tissue.
Anxiety and Mood Research
Some research has examined Noopept for anxiolytic effects. Animal studies showed reduced anxiety-like behavior. This has contributed to anecdotal reports from users of mood-calming effects alongside cognitive effects.
  • Russian clinical trials show improvements in cognitive scores in mild cognitive impairment patients.
  • Animal and cell culture studies show neuroprotective effects against multiple insult types.
  • Appears brain-penetrant and active at relatively small doses compared to related compounds.
  • Evidence from large independent Western trials is absent.

Most clinical research is from Russian institutions and has not been independently replicated. Trial quality and reporting standards in the published literature vary. Noopept is not approved by the FDA or EMA. It is sold as a supplement in some jurisdictions and as a drug requiring prescription in others (notably Russia). The long-term safety profile in humans is not established.

Noopept is metabolized in the body to a small peptide called cycloprolylglycine, which is thought to be its active form in the brain. Research suggests it enhances neurotrophic signaling — specifically, it appears to increase the expression of BDNF and NGF, proteins that support neuron growth, survival, and the formation of new connections. It may also modulate acetylcholine and glutamate signaling, both of which are heavily involved in memory and learning. Unlike racetam compounds that primarily affect acetylcholine, Noopept's mechanism is thought to be broader, which may explain why it appears active at very small doses relative to its structural relatives.

Noopept has been used in clinical studies without significant safety signals emerging. Side effects reported include headache and irritability at higher doses. It is not FDA-approved. The long-term safety profile in healthy individuals using it as a cognitive supplement is not established by clinical trial data. It is legally sold as a supplement in many countries but its regulatory status varies significantly by jurisdiction.

Preliminary

Most evidence comes from preclinical studies and case reports. Human data is limited and more research is needed.

Published Research Ranges
10–30mg/day oral or intranasal in Russian clinical research; intranasal may provide better CNS delivery
Research Context Only: These are ranges reported in published scientific studies for educational reference. They are not dosing recommendations. This is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Sources listed here are from the platform research library. All links open the original publication. No citations are generated by AI.

Noopept Stimulates Expression of NGF and BDNF in Rat Hippocampus
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine • 2008  • DOI: 10.1007/s10517-008-0297-x
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GVS-111 (Noopept): Neuroprotective Activity in Alzheimer-Type Cognitive Deficits
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology • 2002  • DOI: 10.1023/A:1015170904954
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Noopept and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Pilot Clinical Trial in Elderly Patients
Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii • 2010
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Research progress on intranasal treatment for Parkinson's disease
 • 2024  • DOI: 10.1002/nep3.42
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Physicochemical and structural analysis of N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester (Noopept) - An active pharmaceutical ingredient with nootropic activity
 • 2025  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116474
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"Brain doping" substances: prohibited or not in sports?
 • 2025  • DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2025.150047
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Intranasal Administration of Forskolin and Noopept Reverses Parkinsonian Pathology in PINK1 Knockout Rats
 • 2022  • DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010690
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Noopept; a nootropic dipeptide, modulates persistent inflammation by effecting spinal microglia dependent Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) and pro-BDNF expression throughout apoptotic process
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06219
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The Psychonauts' World of Cognitive Enhancers
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.546796
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Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Action of Substituted Pro-Gly Dipeptide Noopept
 • 2016  • DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2016-8-1-82-89
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Exertional heat stroke and acute liver failure: a late dysfunction
 • 2016  • DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-214434
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Neuroprotective effect of novel cognitive enhancer noopept on AD-related cellular model involves the attenuation of apoptosis and tau hyperphosphorylation
 • 2014  • DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0074-2
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Genotype-dependent characteristics of behavior in mice in cognitive tests. The effects of Noopept
 • 2009  • DOI: 10.1007/s11055-008-9095-1
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Noopept stimulates the expression of NGF and BDNF in rat hippocampus
 • 2008  • DOI: 10.1007/s10517-008-0297-x
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The nootropic and neuroprotective proline-containing dipeptide noopept restores spatial memory and increases immunoreactivity to amyloid in an Alzheimer's disease model
 • 2007  • DOI: 10.1177/0269881106071335
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Memory restoring and neuroprotective effects of the proline-containing dipeptide, GVS-111, in a photochemical stroke model
 • 1999  • DOI: 10.1097/00008877-199909000-00013
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Health Benefits of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Forskolin with a Special Emphasis on Glaucoma and Other Retinal Diseases
 • 2024  • DOI: 10.3390/medicina60121957
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The causes and consequences of trained immunity in myeloid cells
 • 2024  • DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365127
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RNA: The Unsuspected Conductor in the Orchestra of Macromolecular Crowding
 • 2024  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00575
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Recent advances in targeting the "undruggable" proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01589-z
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Unraveling Molecular and Genetic Insights into Neurodegenerative Diseases: Advances in Understanding Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's Diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310809
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Recent progress of the genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and challenges of gene therapy
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1170996
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How to Increase Cellular Glutathione
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051094
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Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Valuable Tools for Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Biological Drugs
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.3390/cells12121643
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Closest horizons of Hsp70 engagement to manage neurodegeneration
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1230436
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Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Based Therapies in Ischemic Stroke: An Update Based on Preclinical Research
 • 2022  • DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.844697
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Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of the Nrf2/Bach1 Signaling Pathway in Parkinson's Disease
 • 2022  • DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091780
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CRISPR and iPSCs: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives in Neurodegenerative Disease Modelling, Research, and Therapeutics
 • 2022  • DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00564-w
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The Role of Nootropic Supplements in Sports: Enhancing Cognitive and Physical Performance Simultaneously
 • 2026  • DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.71819
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Bibliometric analysis of recent research on the association between TRPV1 and inflammation
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2189038
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On the application of 3d metals for C-H activation toward bioactive compounds: The key step for the synthesis of silver bullets
 • 2021  • DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.126
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Novel Technologies for Dipeptide Drugs Design and their Implantation
 • 2018  • DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666181008105641
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Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2006
 • 2007  • DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.09.002
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The Occurrence of Illicit Smart Drugs or Nootropics in Europe and Australia and Their Associated Dangers: Results from a Market Surveillance Study by 12 Official Medicines Control Laboratories
 • 2025  • DOI: 10.3390/jox15030088
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Scaling the Andean Shilajit: A Novel Neuroprotective Agent for Alzheimer's Disease
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.3390/ph16070960
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Cyclic Glycine-Proline Improves Memory and Reduces Amyloid Plaque Load in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
 • 2023  • DOI: 10.1155/2023/1753791
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The New Dipeptide TSPO Ligands: Design, Synthesis and Structure-Anxiolytic Activity Relationship
 • 2020  • DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215132
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Octodrine: New Questions and Challenges in Sport Supplements
 • 2018  • DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8020034
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Dipeptide preparation Noopept prevents scopolamine-induced deficit of spatial memory in BALB/c mice
 • 2007  • DOI: 10.1007/s10517-007-0148-1
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Piracetam and TRH analogues antagonise inhibition by barbiturates, diazepam, melatonin and galanin of human erythrocyte D-glucose transport
 • 2004  • DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705798
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XIIIth World Congress of Neurology. Hamburg, September 1-6, 1985. Abstracts
 • 1985  • DOI: 10.1007/bf02428072
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41 sources · Platform research library · Not generated by AI

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Research Education Only: This profile is for educational purposes only. All information is sourced from published scientific literature. This is not medical advice. Not for human consumption. Consult qualified medical professionals for any health decisions.